Create a download button

Apps are filled with buttons that execute long-running behaviors. For example, a button might trigger a download, which starts a download process, receives data over time, and then provides access to the downloaded asset. It's helpful to show the user the progress of a long-running process, and the button itself is a good place to provide this feedback. In this recipe, you'll build a download button that transitions through multiple visual states, based on the status of an app download.

The following animation shows the app's behavior:

Your button widget needs to change its appearance over time. Therefore, you need to implement your button with a custom stateless widget.

Define a new stateless widget called DownloadButton.

@immutable
class DownloadButton extends StatelessWidget {
  const DownloadButton({
    super.key,
  });

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    // TODO:
    return const SizedBox();
  }
}

The download button's visual presentation is based on a given download status. Define the possible states of the download, and then update DownloadButton to accept a DownloadStatus and a Duration for how long the button should take to animate from one status to another.

enum DownloadStatus {
  notDownloaded,
  fetchingDownload,
  downloading,
  downloaded,
}

@immutable
class DownloadButton extends StatelessWidget {
  const DownloadButton({
    super.key,
    required this.status,
    this.transitionDuration = const Duration(
      milliseconds: 500,
    ),
  });

  final DownloadStatus status;
  final Duration transitionDuration;

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    // TODO: We'll add more to this later.
    return const SizedBox();
  }
}

The download button changes its shape based on the download status. The button displays a grey, rounded rectangle during the notDownloaded and downloaded states. The button displays a transparent circle during the fetchingDownload and downloading states.

Based on the current DownloadStatus, build an AnimatedContainer with a ShapeDecoration that displays a rounded rectangle or a circle.

Consider defining the shape's widget tree in a separated Stateless widget so that the main build() method remains simple, allowing for the additions that follow. Instead of creating a function to return a widget, like Widget _buildSomething() {}, always prefer creating a StatelessWidget or a StatefulWidget which is more performant. More considerations on this can be found in the documentation or in a dedicated video in the Flutter YouTube channel.

For now, the AnimatedContainer child is just a SizedBox because we will come back at it in another step.

@immutable
class DownloadButton extends StatelessWidget {
  const DownloadButton({
    super.key,
    required this.status,
    this.transitionDuration = const Duration(
      milliseconds: 500,
    ),
  });

  final DownloadStatus status;
  final Duration transitionDuration;

  bool get _isDownloading => status == DownloadStatus.downloading;

  bool get _isFetching => status == DownloadStatus.fetchingDownload;

  bool get _isDownloaded => status == DownloadStatus.downloaded;

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return ButtonShapeWidget(
      transitionDuration: transitionDuration,
      isDownloaded: _isDownloaded,
      isDownloading: _isDownloading,
      isFetching: _isFetching,
    );
  }
}

@immutable
class ButtonShapeWidget extends StatelessWidget {
  const ButtonShapeWidget({
    super.key,
    required this.isDownloading,
    required this.isDownloaded,
    required this.isFetching,
    required this.transitionDuration,
  });

  final bool isDownloading;
  final bool isDownloaded;
  final bool isFetching;
  final Duration transitionDuration;

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    final ShapeDecoration shape;
    if (isDownloading || isFetching) {
      shape = const ShapeDecoration(
        shape: CircleBorder(),
        color: Colors.transparent,
      );
    } else {
      shape = const ShapeDecoration(
        shape: StadiumBorder(),
        color: CupertinoColors.lightBackgroundGray,
      );
    }

    return AnimatedContainer(
      duration: transitionDuration,
      curve: Curves.ease,
      width: double.infinity,
      decoration: shape,
      child: const SizedBox(),
    );
  }
}

You might wonder why you need a ShapeDecoration widget for a transparent circle, given that it's invisible. The purpose of the invisible circle is to orchestrate the desired animation. The AnimatedContainer begins with a rounded rectangle. When the DownloadStatus changes to fetchingDownload, the AnimatedContainer needs to animate from a rounded rectangle to a circle, and then fade out as the animation takes place. The only way to implement this animation is to define both the beginning shape of a rounded rectangle and the ending shape of a circle. But, you don't want the final circle to be visible, so you make it transparent, which causes an animated fade-out.

The DownloadButton displays GET during the notDownloaded phase, OPEN during the downloaded phase, and no text in between.

Add widgets to display text during each download phase, and animate the text's opacity in between. Add the text widget tree as a child of the AnimatedContainer in the button wrapper widget.

@immutable
class ButtonShapeWidget extends StatelessWidget {
  const ButtonShapeWidget({
    super.key,
    required this.isDownloading,
    required this.isDownloaded,
    required this.isFetching,
    required this.transitionDuration,
  });

  final bool isDownloading;
  final bool isDownloaded;
  final bool isFetching;
  final Duration transitionDuration;

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    final ShapeDecoration shape;
    if (isDownloading || isFetching) {
      shape = const ShapeDecoration(
        shape: CircleBorder(),
        color: Colors.transparent,
      );
    } else {
      shape = const ShapeDecoration(
        shape: StadiumBorder(),
        color: CupertinoColors.lightBackgroundGray,
      );
    }

    return AnimatedContainer(
      duration: transitionDuration,
      curve: Curves.ease,
      width: double.infinity,
      decoration: shape,
      child: Padding(
        padding: const EdgeInsets.symmetric(vertical: 6),
        child: AnimatedOpacity(
          duration: transitionDuration,
          opacity: isDownloading || isFetching ? 0.0 : 1.0,
          curve: Curves.ease,
          child: Text(
            isDownloaded ? 'OPEN' : 'GET',
            textAlign: TextAlign.center,
            style: Theme.of(context).textTheme.labelLarge?.copyWith(
                  fontWeight: FontWeight.bold,
                  color: CupertinoColors.activeBlue,
                ),
          ),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

During the fetchingDownload phase, the DownloadButton displays a radial spinner. This spinner fades in from the notDownloaded phase and fades out to the fetchingDownload phase.

Implement a radial spinner that sits on top of the button shape and fades in and out at the appropriate times.

We have removed the ButtonShapeWidget's constructor to keep the focus on its build method and the Stack widget we've added.

@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
  return GestureDetector(
    onTap: _onPressed,
    child: Stack(
      children: [
        ButtonShapeWidget(
          transitionDuration: transitionDuration,
          isDownloaded: _isDownloaded,
          isDownloading: _isDownloading,
          isFetching: _isFetching,
        ),
        Positioned.fill(
          child: AnimatedOpacity(
            duration: transitionDuration,
            opacity: _isDownloading || _isFetching ? 1.0 : 0.0,
            curve: Curves.ease,
            child: ProgressIndicatorWidget(
              downloadProgress: downloadProgress,
              isDownloading: _isDownloading,
              isFetching: _isFetching,
            ),
          ),
        ),
      ],
    ),
  );
}

After the fetchingDownload phase is the downloading phase. During the downloading phase, the DownloadButton replaces the radial progress spinner with a growing radial progress bar. The DownloadButton also displays a stop button icon so that the user can cancel an in-progress download.

Add a progress property to the DownloadButton widget, and then update the progress display to switch to a radial progress bar during the downloading phase.

Next, add a stop button icon at the center of the radial progress bar.

@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
  return GestureDetector(
    onTap: _onPressed,
    child: Stack(
      children: [
        ButtonShapeWidget(
          transitionDuration: transitionDuration,
          isDownloaded: _isDownloaded,
          isDownloading: _isDownloading,
          isFetching: _isFetching,
        ),
        Positioned.fill(
          child: AnimatedOpacity(
            duration: transitionDuration,
            opacity: _isDownloading || _isFetching ? 1.0 : 0.0,
            curve: Curves.ease,
            child: Stack(
              alignment: Alignment.center,
              children: [
                ProgressIndicatorWidget(
                  downloadProgress: downloadProgress,
                  isDownloading: _isDownloading,
                  isFetching: _isFetching,
                ),
                if (_isDownloading)
                  const Icon(
                    Icons.stop,
                    size: 14.0,
                    color: CupertinoColors.activeBlue,
                  ),
              ],
            ),
          ),
        ),
      ],
    ),
  );
}

The last detail that your DownloadButton needs is the button behavior. The button must do things when the user taps it.

Add widget properties for callbacks to start a download, cancel a download, and open a download.

Finally, wrap DownloadButton's existing widget tree with a GestureDetector widget, and forward the tap event to the corresponding callback property.

@immutable
class DownloadButton extends StatelessWidget {
  const DownloadButton({
    super.key,
    required this.status,
    this.downloadProgress = 0,
    required this.onDownload,
    required this.onCancel,
    required this.onOpen,
    this.transitionDuration = const Duration(milliseconds: 500),
  });

  final DownloadStatus status;
  final double downloadProgress;
  final VoidCallback onDownload;
  final VoidCallback onCancel;
  final VoidCallback onOpen;
  final Duration transitionDuration;

  bool get _isDownloading => status == DownloadStatus.downloading;

  bool get _isFetching => status == DownloadStatus.fetchingDownload;

  bool get _isDownloaded => status == DownloadStatus.downloaded;

  void _onPressed() {
    switch (status) {
      case DownloadStatus.notDownloaded:
        onDownload();
      case DownloadStatus.fetchingDownload:
        // do nothing.
        break;
      case DownloadStatus.downloading:
        onCancel();
      case DownloadStatus.downloaded:
        onOpen();
    }
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return GestureDetector(
      onTap: _onPressed,
      child: const Stack(
        children: [
          /* ButtonShapeWidget and progress indicator */
        ],
      ),
    );
  }
}

Congratulations! You have a button that changes its display depending on which phase the button is in: not downloaded, fetching download, downloading, and downloaded. Now, the user can tap to start a download, tap to cancel an in-progress download, and tap to open a completed download.

Run the app:

• Click the GET button to kick off a simulated download.
• The button changes to a progress indicator to simulate an in-progress download.
• When the simulated download is complete, the button transitions to OPEN, to indicate that the app is ready for the user to open the downloaded asset.

import 'package:flutter/cupertino.dart';
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

void main() {
  runApp(
    const MaterialApp(
      home: ExampleCupertinoDownloadButton(),
      debugShowCheckedModeBanner: false,
    ),
  );
}

@immutable
class ExampleCupertinoDownloadButton extends StatefulWidget {
  const ExampleCupertinoDownloadButton({super.key});

  @override
  State<ExampleCupertinoDownloadButton> createState() =>
      _ExampleCupertinoDownloadButtonState();
}

class _ExampleCupertinoDownloadButtonState
    extends State<ExampleCupertinoDownloadButton> {
  late final List<DownloadController> _downloadControllers;

  @override
  void initState() {
    super.initState();
    _downloadControllers = List<DownloadController>.generate(
      20,
      (index) => SimulatedDownloadController(onOpenDownload: () {
        _openDownload(index);
      }),
    );
  }

  void _openDownload(int index) {
    ScaffoldMessenger.of(context).showSnackBar(
      SnackBar(
        content: Text('Open App ${index + 1}'),
      ),
    );
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(title: const Text('Apps')),
      body: ListView.separated(
        itemCount: _downloadControllers.length,
        separatorBuilder: (_, __) => const Divider(),
        itemBuilder: _buildListItem,
      ),
    );
  }

  Widget _buildListItem(BuildContext context, int index) {
    final theme = Theme.of(context);
    final downloadController = _downloadControllers[index];

    return ListTile(
      leading: const DemoAppIcon(),
      title: Text(
        'App ${index + 1}',
        overflow: TextOverflow.ellipsis,
        style: theme.textTheme.titleLarge,
      ),
      subtitle: Text(
        'Lorem ipsum dolor #${index + 1}',
        overflow: TextOverflow.ellipsis,
        style: theme.textTheme.bodySmall,
      ),
      trailing: SizedBox(
        width: 96,
        child: AnimatedBuilder(
          animation: downloadController,
          builder: (context, child) {
            return DownloadButton(
              status: downloadController.downloadStatus,
              downloadProgress: downloadController.progress,
              onDownload: downloadController.startDownload,
              onCancel: downloadController.stopDownload,
              onOpen: downloadController.openDownload,
            );
          },
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

@immutable
class DemoAppIcon extends StatelessWidget {
  const DemoAppIcon({super.key});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return const AspectRatio(
      aspectRatio: 1,
      child: FittedBox(
        child: SizedBox(
          width: 80,
          height: 80,
          child: DecoratedBox(
            decoration: BoxDecoration(
              gradient: LinearGradient(
                colors: [Colors.red, Colors.blue],
              ),
              borderRadius: BorderRadius.all(Radius.circular(20)),
            ),
            child: Center(
              child: Icon(
                Icons.ac_unit,
                color: Colors.white,
                size: 40,
              ),
            ),
          ),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

enum DownloadStatus {
  notDownloaded,
  fetchingDownload,
  downloading,
  downloaded,
}

abstract class DownloadController implements ChangeNotifier {
  DownloadStatus get downloadStatus;
  double get progress;

  void startDownload();
  void stopDownload();
  void openDownload();
}

class SimulatedDownloadController extends DownloadController
    with ChangeNotifier {
  SimulatedDownloadController({
    DownloadStatus downloadStatus = DownloadStatus.notDownloaded,
    double progress = 0.0,
    required VoidCallback onOpenDownload,
  })  : _downloadStatus = downloadStatus,
        _progress = progress,
        _onOpenDownload = onOpenDownload;

  DownloadStatus _downloadStatus;
  @override
  DownloadStatus get downloadStatus => _downloadStatus;

  double _progress;
  @override
  double get progress => _progress;

  final VoidCallback _onOpenDownload;

  bool _isDownloading = false;

  @override
  void startDownload() {
    if (downloadStatus == DownloadStatus.notDownloaded) {
      _doSimulatedDownload();
    }
  }

  @override
  void stopDownload() {
    if (_isDownloading) {
      _isDownloading = false;
      _downloadStatus = DownloadStatus.notDownloaded;
      _progress = 0.0;
      notifyListeners();
    }
  }

  @override
  void openDownload() {
    if (downloadStatus == DownloadStatus.downloaded) {
      _onOpenDownload();
    }
  }

  Future<void> _doSimulatedDownload() async {
    _isDownloading = true;
    _downloadStatus = DownloadStatus.fetchingDownload;
    notifyListeners();

    // Wait a second to simulate fetch time.
    await Future<void>.delayed(const Duration(seconds: 1));

    // If the user chose to cancel the download, stop the simulation.
    if (!_isDownloading) {
      return;
    }

    // Shift to the downloading phase.
    _downloadStatus = DownloadStatus.downloading;
    notifyListeners();

    const downloadProgressStops = [0.0, 0.15, 0.45, 0.8, 1.0];
    for (final stop in downloadProgressStops) {
      // Wait a second to simulate varying download speeds.
      await Future<void>.delayed(const Duration(seconds: 1));

      // If the user chose to cancel the download, stop the simulation.
      if (!_isDownloading) {
        return;
      }

      // Update the download progress.
      _progress = stop;
      notifyListeners();
    }

    // Wait a second to simulate a final delay.
    await Future<void>.delayed(const Duration(seconds: 1));

    // If the user chose to cancel the download, stop the simulation.
    if (!_isDownloading) {
      return;
    }

    // Shift to the downloaded state, completing the simulation.
    _downloadStatus = DownloadStatus.downloaded;
    _isDownloading = false;
    notifyListeners();
  }
}

@immutable
class DownloadButton extends StatelessWidget {
  const DownloadButton({
    super.key,
    required this.status,
    this.downloadProgress = 0.0,
    required this.onDownload,
    required this.onCancel,
    required this.onOpen,
    this.transitionDuration = const Duration(milliseconds: 500),
  });

  final DownloadStatus status;
  final double downloadProgress;
  final VoidCallback onDownload;
  final VoidCallback onCancel;
  final VoidCallback onOpen;
  final Duration transitionDuration;

  bool get _isDownloading => status == DownloadStatus.downloading;

  bool get _isFetching => status == DownloadStatus.fetchingDownload;

  bool get _isDownloaded => status == DownloadStatus.downloaded;

  void _onPressed() {
    switch (status) {
      case DownloadStatus.notDownloaded:
        onDownload();
      case DownloadStatus.fetchingDownload:
        // do nothing.
        break;
      case DownloadStatus.downloading:
        onCancel();
      case DownloadStatus.downloaded:
        onOpen();
    }
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return GestureDetector(
      onTap: _onPressed,
      child: Stack(
        children: [
          ButtonShapeWidget(
            transitionDuration: transitionDuration,
            isDownloaded: _isDownloaded,
            isDownloading: _isDownloading,
            isFetching: _isFetching,
          ),
          Positioned.fill(
            child: AnimatedOpacity(
              duration: transitionDuration,
              opacity: _isDownloading || _isFetching ? 1.0 : 0.0,
              curve: Curves.ease,
              child: Stack(
                alignment: Alignment.center,
                children: [
                  ProgressIndicatorWidget(
                    downloadProgress: downloadProgress,
                    isDownloading: _isDownloading,
                    isFetching: _isFetching,
                  ),
                  if (_isDownloading)
                    const Icon(
                      Icons.stop,
                      size: 14,
                      color: CupertinoColors.activeBlue,
                    ),
                ],
              ),
            ),
          ),
        ],
      ),
    );
  }
}

@immutable
class ButtonShapeWidget extends StatelessWidget {
  const ButtonShapeWidget({
    super.key,
    required this.isDownloading,
    required this.isDownloaded,
    required this.isFetching,
    required this.transitionDuration,
  });

  final bool isDownloading;
  final bool isDownloaded;
  final bool isFetching;
  final Duration transitionDuration;

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    final ShapeDecoration shape;
    if (isDownloading || isFetching) {
      shape = const ShapeDecoration(
        shape: CircleBorder(),
        color: Colors.transparent,
      );
    } else {
      shape = const ShapeDecoration(
        shape: StadiumBorder(),
        color: CupertinoColors.lightBackgroundGray,
      );
    }

    return AnimatedContainer(
      duration: transitionDuration,
      curve: Curves.ease,
      width: double.infinity,
      decoration: shape,
      child: Padding(
        padding: const EdgeInsets.symmetric(vertical: 6),
        child: AnimatedOpacity(
          duration: transitionDuration,
          opacity: isDownloading || isFetching ? 0.0 : 1.0,
          curve: Curves.ease,
          child: Text(
            isDownloaded ? 'OPEN' : 'GET',
            textAlign: TextAlign.center,
            style: Theme.of(context).textTheme.labelLarge?.copyWith(
                  fontWeight: FontWeight.bold,
                  color: CupertinoColors.activeBlue,
                ),
          ),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

@immutable
class ProgressIndicatorWidget extends StatelessWidget {
  const ProgressIndicatorWidget({
    super.key,
    required this.downloadProgress,
    required this.isDownloading,
    required this.isFetching,
  });

  final double downloadProgress;
  final bool isDownloading;
  final bool isFetching;

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return AspectRatio(
      aspectRatio: 1,
      child: TweenAnimationBuilder<double>(
        tween: Tween(begin: 0, end: downloadProgress),
        duration: const Duration(milliseconds: 200),
        builder: (context, progress, child) {
          return CircularProgressIndicator(
            backgroundColor: isDownloading
                ? CupertinoColors.lightBackgroundGray
                : Colors.transparent,
            valueColor: AlwaysStoppedAnimation(isFetching
                ? CupertinoColors.lightBackgroundGray
                : CupertinoColors.activeBlue),
            strokeWidth: 2,
            value: isFetching ? null : progress,
          );
        },
      ),
    );
  }
}

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